← Atoms and Molecules

Lesson 7 of 7 · Textbook 8.4

Atomic technologies and their issues

Understanding atoms let us image the inside of a body and generate electricity without oil. The same understanding built the atomic bomb.

Making new materials

Scientists constantly seek to find out more about atoms as they try to create new materials from them. Gold-plated orchids exist in Singapore today because a local biochemist managed to coat living plant material with gold atoms.

Four fields, and what each one costs

Read the two lists together. The chapter's argument is not that atomic technology is good or bad, but that it is both — and that deciding what to do about it needs understanding.

Medicine

The knowledge of atoms has been used for medical purposes and to provide nuclear energy. In medicine, the properties of atoms are applied in:

A radiographer is a healthcare professional who uses medical radiation equipment to produce images of the human body, helping doctors diagnose illness or injury. Radiation from the X-ray machine is able to penetrate the skin and bones, and such radiation is given off by atoms that have large amounts of energy.

Nuclear energy

How a nuclear power plant works Nuclear energy comes from the controlled release of heat from radioactive elements such as uranium and plutonium. That heat changes water to steam, which moves turbines to generate electricity.

It is an alternative to using oil, especially in places that have no access to oil. Scientists are now trying to build smaller and more efficient plants.

BenefitsCosts and risks
Generates electricity without oil · works where there is no access to oil · plants are becoming smaller and more efficient Needs careful use and proper disposal of nuclear waste · accidents can cause loss of lives and environmental pollution · the same energy is used in atomic bombs, which are destructive
The sentence the chapter is really built around Social and ethical issues often arise from scientific discoveries. Resolving these issues requires a good understanding of scientific applications and sound moral values from everyone. We need to actively understand and debate these issues in order to make wise decisions that benefit mankind.

If a question asks what should be done about a technology like this, that is the shape of the answer it wants — not “ban it” or “it's fine”, but understand it, debate it, decide wisely.

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