← Ray Model of Light

Lesson 5 of 8 · Textbook 5.2

Curved mirrors

Two shapes, two opposite jobs. Once you know which way each one curves, you can work out its use from first principles rather than memorising a list.

Why funhouse mirrors distort

A funhouse mirror makes your reflection taller, shorter or wider. Look closely and you will see that its surface is not flat. Such mirrors are curved mirrors, and curved mirrors distort the images they form.

There are two types, and a spoon shows both at once: the top of a spoon is concave, and its bottom is convex.

Which way is which A convex surface curves outwards — it bulges towards you. Also called a diverging mirror.
A concave surface curves inwards — it caves away from you. Also called a converging mirror.

A memory hook: a cave goes into a hillside, so concave curves inwards.

What each shape does to parallel rays

parallel rays in reflected rays
The surface

Also called a .

Where you meet it
    Watch what happens to the blue reflected rays. Concave brings them together; convex spreads them apart. Every application follows from that.

    Reasoning out the uses

    You do not need to memorise the application lists if you hold on to what each mirror does.

    Mirror What it does to light So it is used where you want…
    Convex
    curves outwards
    diverging
    Spreads rays apart …to see a wide area from one place: road junctions (around blind corners), shop corners, rear-view and side mirrors of cars.
    Concave
    curves inwards
    converging
    Brings rays together …to magnify something (dentist's mirror, shaving and make-up mirrors) or to concentrate light into a beam (car headlights, a microscope mirror lighting the specimen).
    The trade-off in a car mirror A convex rear-view mirror shows a driver much more of the road behind — but because it spreads the rays out, everything in it looks smaller and further away than it really is. That is the price of the wider field of view, and it is why some car mirrors carry a warning that objects are closer than they appear.

    Check yourself